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COMPARATIVE IMPLEMENTOLOGY

Sixteenth Century Finishing Tools - France

Fleur-de-lis Binder 1538

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The reproduction of the binding shown above is from the 2004 Christie's auction catalogue. The Michel Wittock Collection Part 1: Important Renaissance Bookbindings, Wednesday 7 July 2004, 8 King Street, St. James London SW1. Below I have reproduced some of the Item details.
item details


Although this description is very thorough and informative we need to correct an important detail. It concerns the all import plaque, that certain authors have ascribed to the Bayfius Binder. Nixon, in his 1965 classification of imprints found on the Grolier bindings, shows 2 such plaques that he has catalogued as belonging to the Fleur-de-lis binder. These are numbered EF. 6 which is found on the Bayfius bindings and and EF. 22. which is seen on Nixon's binding example No. 15.


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Comparative Diagram 1 - Nixon 1965 rubbings EF. 6 vs imprint from Lot No. 103.

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Comparative Diagram 2 - Nixon 1965 rubbings EF. 22 vs imprint from binding No. 15 Nixon 1965 PL XV.

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In Comparative diagram 1, I show Nixon's original 1965 rubbing of EF. 6 compared with an extracted plaque imprint from Lot 103. This is obviously the same imprint however Nixon has covered over the lower parts (the feet) of this plaque, fortunately we can still make out the missing details in his rubbing! In Comparative Diagram 2, I show EF. 22 and the same imprint found on binding No. 15, however it is not found on the binding of Lot 103 as stated. The easiest way to identify these plaques, is to observe the crisscrossing of the upper and lower spirals. In EF. 6 the upper right crosses over the lower, and in EF. 22, the upper right passes under the lower.


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Comparative Diagram 3 - Fleur-de-lis Binder imprints vs Jean Picard imprints 1, 2, 3, (after Nixon 1965)


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Comparative Diagram 4 - similar imprints from various binders mid 16th-century.

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When Nixon was making his 1965 catalogue of Fleur-de-lis Binder imprints he must not have been aware of the binding shown at the top of this page (lot 103), as we do not see the imprints that I have shown in Comparative Diagram 3 amongst his rubbings. These are the same type of imprints that he has catalogued on Plate C, numbers 1, 2, 3. We know now that these tools belong to Jean Picard and not Claude de Picques. However my point is that if Nixon had of seen these tools he might have changed his strategy in numbering them. His numbering of the Fleur-de-lis binder imprints may in fact try to follow a sort of chronological order. However now that we can see that a number of binders had most of these tool types and used them in a very similar fashion it may be more logical to name them all according to type similarities. Thus a Roffet type one tool would be similar to Picard type one. The totally mind boggling thing in all this is the fact that many of these binders had virtually the same tools, many of which could barely be distinguished one from another making the job of identifying bindings by the tool imprints no easy matter.

Observe closely the changes in the shapes of these tools shown in Comparative Diagram 4. We see that the Fleur-de-lis binder tool in position 3 is very similar to the Roffet model, that might actually be the original, that was copied by the Fleur-de-lis binder. We can imagine then Picard making a similar tool copying the Fleur-de-lis Binder model, later Picard's model was then copied by the others. While it may not have happened exactly this way, I present the idea here as a possible explanation of the changes in the design of these tools.

Below, in Comparative Diagram 5, I show another of the tools mentioned in the description of Lot 103, it is EF. 9 compared to a very similar tool used by Jean Picard, perhaps somewhat later.


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Comparative Diagram 5 - Nixon 1965 rubbing EF. 9 vs imprint from Lot 103 binding
vs Nixon 1965 rubbing C. de P. 16 vs Jean Picard imprint. (shown at 600 dpi).

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See the next page Fleur-de-lis Binder, Grolier and Picard.








information about the author return to the home page of VIRTUAL BOOKBINDING

l.a.miller@mail.pf